Current state of Waste Management Pakistan >>>

As atmospheric methane concentrations increase at record pace, it is critical to identify individual emission sources with high potential for mitigation.

Pakistan is facing significant challenges in the management of its waste, which is becoming a growing concern in urban areas. The current state of waste management in Pakistan is quite poor, and it is causing severe environmental and health problems.

Composts are excellent source of plant nutrients resulting in improvement of soil biophysical properties and organic matter status, in addition to increasing crop yields. In Pakistan, organic wastes like farmyard manure, poultry litter, city waste, sewage sludge, industrial wastes and crop residues are in abundance to supplement fertilizer requirements of the crops.

Poultry litter is mainly a mixture of poultry droppings, birds’ feathers, wasted feed, rice husk or wheat straw used as bedding material. Thus it forms a good biodegradable mixture. Poultry litter is rich in macro and micronutrients. Among most of the organic manures, poultry litter has the highest percentage of plant available nutrients, so it serves as a good source of plant available nutrients for different crops. Farmers have been using poultry litter as organic manure for a long time and they are well aware of its impact on soil fertility and crop yield. In Pakistan with increasing demand of poultry meat and poultry products the number of poultry farms has also increased exponentially over the period of time and so is the quantity of poultry litter that is produced from these poultry farms.

Poultry litter is a waste product of commercial poultry farms. It is a mixture of poultry droppings and bedding materials, such as sawdust and rice-hull. Owing to its high macronutrients content and significant amounts of secondary and micronutrients, poultry litter is considered to be the most valuable organic manure for fertilizing purpose. In addition to benefits that poultry litter provides to crop production in the form of nutrients, this organic manure can build soil organic matter reserves which benefits crop production, and structural stability (Moore Jr. et al., 1995). In Pakistan, with the development of poultry industry, large quantities of poultry litter are produced. This litter is being used as fertilizer by the farmers and is considered as a better organic fertilizer than the farmyard manure. Thus recycling of organic waste in agriculture adds much needed organic and mineral matter to the soil (Khan et al., 2003).

SUMMARY: This is becoming increasingly important to recycle the organic materials by composting that can make excellent use of these wastes as source of plant nutrients. Therefore, the current research was envisaged to study the decomposition pattern of various raw materials (animal and agricultural) being composted with different techniques and combinations, and to visualize their impact on the quality of composts thus prepared.

On October 26th, the 5th International Training Workshop of Waste to Energy hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and jointly organized by Zhejiang University host of WtERT-China and Zhejiang University of Technology was held online and concluded successfully.

With rapid increase in population and urbanization, uncontrolled municipal solid waste system is causing public health and environmental issues in the mega cities of Pakistan. This study aims to investigate municipal solid waste (MSW) of Lahore, 2^nd biggest city of Pakistan with a population of eleven million according to census, 2017.